Parkinson's Disease is a Neurological Disorder

In the later stages of the disease, virtually muscles are tense and contracted because they do not obtain the correct input from the brain and nervous system. With disease patterned advance, tremors extend and involve the fingers, hands, jaw, head and physical structure. These tremors decrease when the patient makes an intentional movement. Bradykinesia -- a slowing of movement and loss of the ability to move mechanically and spontaneously -- occurs, and it is sometimes difficult for the person to perform a movement quickly, which makes it difficult to perform some routine everyday tasks. Postural instability follows, with the inability to hold a body position, and problems with balance occur. Mental capacity also declines with disease progression (Petersen, 1998).

Although some studies have found a gene transmutation associated with some cases of shaking palsy disease, genetic factors are not belief to play a role in most cases (Cummings, 1999). Patients in whom a genetic factor has been found exhibit an unrepresentative form of shaking palsy disease with a younger fire of symptoms including an earlier appearance of levodopa-related dyskinesia and beat back fluctuations, more frequent dystonia as an early or presenting sign and less evidence of cognitive impairment (Cummings, 1999). The disease seems to involve free radicals that damage cadre membranes. Substantial evidence indicates that a basic mechanism in the disease is the formation of hydrogen peroxide, and oxygen-derived free radicals produce

Music therapy for Parkinson's. Family Practice News, 30, p. 18.

Occupational therapists are actively involved in training and retraining of functional motor skills in Parkinson's patients (Tse and Spaulding, 2000). Motor learning principles may be implemented to facilitate the learning of adaptive skills and/or antecedent motor tasks. Evaluation of Parkinson's patients by occupational therapists is indicated for the undermentioned needs: to evaluate and treat persistent problems with changing positions, acquire in and out of bed, etc.

; when seeking advice for modifying a exercise station or home setting to maximize asylum and efficiency; when functional limitations are causing difficulties performing breakaway activities of chance(a) living such as eating, dressing, bathing and manus; and to recommend and teach the use of appropriate adaptive equipment (National Parkinson's Foundation, 1996-2000).

Unlike some chronic disease, the therapeutic treatment for Parkinson's is not dependent on the availability of any high technology equipment. If patients are stable, they are seen for followup visits every three or four months. They are seen more frequently when adjustments are make to medications. Patients are evaluated using a Unified Parkinson Disease evaluate Scale that evaluates psychological state, motor skills and ability to complete activities of daily living. Patients are referred for physical, occupational and speech therapy, which are important because patients see to it periods during which their medication does not control freezing and instability, which may respond to physical and occupational therapy (Petersen, 1998). .

The speed of progression from diagnosis to unadulterated functional impairment from Parkinson's disease ranges from less than a decade to more than 20 years (Petersen, 1998). Patients often do not require medication in the early stages of the disease, alone some form of drug therapy is usually required deep down two years of diagnosis of Park
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