The Protestant Revival

Notably, however, this bring of religion determine politics was rewritten by evangelicals to state that culture, in fact, determined semipolitical beliefs. In this way, evangelical Protestants eventually maintained that religion was a result of culture rather than the historical truth that culture, in fact, had been determined by religion.

One argu ment that Johnson makes to support his finale that culture was actually a function of religion is plunge in his discussion of the changing relationships between masters and workers during the preceding part of the nineteenth century. Before the nineteenth century, many businesses were have-to doe with around the household, with the manufacture and sale of goods occurring often within the equal space. For example, Johnson discusses a shoemaking shop in which shoemaking and retail were

By the late 1820s and advance(prenominal) 1830s, however, a newer form of business had "completed the separation of men who made shoes from those who sold them." Now, the dominant form of manufacturing establishment kept only a few trusted employees in the store.

The manufacturing parade was removed to the working-class boarding houses, where different phases of the process were performed by different workers. More and more, control over the manufacturing process and the retail trade fell into the hands of the merchant capitalists who lay the process but never actually manufactured the product.

Johnson, Paul. A Shopkeeper's Millennium: Society and Revivals in Rochester, New York, 1815-1837. Toronto: Harper Collins, 1978.

performed in the same room by the same men.

Johnson argues that it was in this purlieu that religious catechism became so attractive to manufacturers in this period. In particular, he maintains that the growing divis
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